Вариант 5

1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные функции (значения слов)  it, that, one.

1. It is the Burj Dubai. Today it is the tallest skyscraper in the world.

2. It was the end of the 19th century when the first skyscraper appeared.

3. Steel and concrete beams and columns that carry the weight of the superstructure are placed into the foundation.

4. That people can get to all parts of a city with the help of public transport is a great achievement of city authorities.

5. He was the one to build a first skyscraper.

6. Skyscrapers are the world's tallest buildings. They are also the most comfortable ones.

2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива и инфинитивного оборота.

1. Skyscrapers are convenient and comfortable buildings to live and work in.

2. To travel long distances to the centre is always a challenge because of the traffic concentration.

3. To travel long distances to the centre they take turns driving each other to work.  

4. We know the Empire State Building in New York to have been the world's highest structure for 40 years from 1932.  

5. A skyscraper is assumed to be the symbol of wealth and power.

6. The noise and chaos of downtowns make people move to the suburbs.

3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая особое внимание на форму и функцию герундия.

1. After completing the outside structure the workers began installing elevators.

2. Architects are proud of having designed a skyscraper.

3. Moving away from the downtown and settling down in the suburbs is typical of modern life.

4. We insist on the inside work being finished on time.

5. Architects like being praised by others.

6. Architects hate praising others.

4. Прочитайте текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык. Выпишите из текста в словарь все незнакомые слова с транскрипцией и переведите их. Будьте готовы к чтению и устному переводу своего текста с вашим словарём.

MODERN CITIES

(1) In the 20th century cities grew more than ever before. During the early 20th century the construction of tall buildings became very popular in big cities. Tall buildings were also seen as a symbol of power and greatness. Architects discovered a new way to get more space in the city. They built skyscrapers.

(2) Skyscrapers are the world's tallest buildings. They first appeared in New York and Chicago at the end of the 19th century. Skyscrapers are often like small cities. They offer space for offices apartments, shops, hotels, restaurants and other services. Tens of thousands of people live and work there.

(3) Skyscrapers have two parts: the foundation is the part below the ground and the superstructure is the part above the ground. Both sections hold the weight of the building. A skyscraper needs careful planning before it can be built. First a big hole a few storeys deep is dug into the earth. Sometimes this foundation reaches into solid rock. Then steel and concrete beams and columns are placed into it. They carry the weight of the superstructure

(4) When the foundation is finished cranes are used to raise a steel frame up into the sky. As it moves upward other workers lay floors and hang in the outside walls. The complete structure of the skyscraper must be finished before the inside systems can be installed.

(5) Corridors, staircases, elevators, heating systems, air conditioning and electrical systems belong to the most important inner elements of a skyscraper. Although the outside structure can be completed in a few weeks it may take years to finish the whole building.

(6) As time goes on more and more people move away from the inner parts of the city and settle down in the suburbs, which are places where it is quieter and where the quality of life is better. These suburbs become small towns with their own office buildings and shopping centres. Residents can work and live there without having to travel long distances to the centre. Poorer people, however, stay in the centres and form ghettos. They lack the money to buy houses or flats in more expensive suburbs. Today's cities are much larger than cities in previous times. With the help of cars and public transport people can get to all parts of a city very quickly.  

5. Выпишите из абзацев (3,4,5) и переведите предложения с инфинитивами.  Инфинитив подчеркните.

6.Выпишите из текста и переведите предложения с герундием.

7.Перепишите следующие вопросы и дайте письменные ответы. Переведите предложения.

1. Why did the construction of tall buildings become very popular in big cities during the early 20th century?

2. What are skyscrapers like?

3. What is to be finished before fixing inside systems?

4.Why do some people not move out of the city centres?

HRM AS A STRATEGIC ACTYVITY

What is the linchpin which puts a particular set of HRM philosophies, approaches and techniques within the context of a specific organization?  According to the theories, this is driven by the strategic role of HRM. It is proposed that all HRM systems and practices should be integrated into a coherent policy and that this is derived from the overall business strategy of the organization. The overall business strategy provides a vision of what the business is about, about where it should be going in the future, and about how it should go about setting and achieving objectives to realize the vision. The process of strategy formulation involves a variety of activities, including the analysis of current strengths and weaknesses, the evaluation of threats from competitors, and the identification of potential opportunities for the future. The end result of this process is the formulation of a set of strategic goals or objectives and the development of a set of policies and procedures to implement these. Since any strategy can only realistically be successfully implemented through the people who make up the organization, HRM clearly has a critical role to play here. But precisely how does HRM strategy link into this process of overall strategy formulation?

At one level, the role of HRM is restricted to that of facilitating a pre-determined business strategy. For example, suppose an organization develops a business strategy which aims to gain competitive advantage by producing, high value added, and high quality products. Part of an HRM strategic objective to support this might be the development of a quality oriented culture within the organization. A number of changes could be introduced to help achieve this objective. For example, communication systems could be introduced continually to reinforce the quality message. Self-managed teams with responsibility for their own quality control could be set up. In order to back up the introduction of self-managed teams, appraisal systems designed to monitor performance might be changed from being carried out on an individual basis to being done on a group basis. This example illustrates both the strategic support role of HRM and the integrative nature of strategic HRM where communication systems, team working, and appraisal systems are considered as a whole in the light of the strategic objective. The reader might like to try to map out an HRM strategy where the strategic plan emphasized high volume low cost products. (2100)

HRM (Human Resources Management - Управление человеческими ресурсами) как стратегическая деятельность.