Вариант 2

1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные функции (значения слов)  it, that, one.

1. Modern cities face the same problems. One of them is poor housing.
2. Urban garbage is ugly. It makes cities look dirty, and it spoils the view.
3. It is traffic jams that made the London authorities prohibit free drive in the city centre.
4. One never knows how much cities population will grow in future.

Никто не знает, насколько вырастет население городов в будущем

5. Social problems that face today’s cities are crime, alcoholism and unemployment.
6. That pollution is the greatest disadvantage of the city life of today is not news.

2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива и инфинитивного оборота.

1.  Urban garbage makes modern cities an unhealthy place to live in.
2. To build modern apartment buildings governments must have the money.
3. To build modern apartment buildings is a new governor’s election pledge.
4. Cars and industries are sure to pollute city air more and more.
5. Crime, alcoholism and drug addiction are said to be especially high in cities.
6. We know the local government to have tried some measures to avoid traffic jams.

3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая особое внимание на форму и функцию герундия.

1. Becoming a green city is more complicated than just good planning and stricter codes.
2. They objected to the money being paid before the survey was completed.
3. He mentioned giving good education to his children
4. He mentioned having been given good education.
5. There are different ways of reducing traffic in cities.
6. In spite of a special pass he avoids driving into city centre because of traffic jams.

4. Прочитайте текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык. Выпишите из текста в словарь все незнакомые слова с транскрипцией и переведите их. Будьте готовы к чтению и устному переводу своего текста с вашим словарём.

hut [hʌt] хижина

jam[ʤæm] пробка

can[kæn] банка

landfill[ˈlændfɪl] мусорная свалка

addiction [əˈdɪkʃ(ə)n] наркомания

CITY PROBLEMS AND FUTURE OF CITIES

(1) Modern cities all over the world face in: same problems. One of them is poor housing. People often live in old houses or huts that do not have electricity or sanitation. As city population grows governments do not have the money to build modern apartment buildings.

(2) Pollution is the greatest disadvantage of the city life of today. Cars and industries are polluting city air and rivers more and more. Polluted air is hanging like a brown cloud over cities. Dirt and smoke are pouring from the buildings and factories. Polluted urban air causes respiratory distress particularly in children and elderly people.

(3) The increased number of motor Vehicles not only jams the city streets but pollutes the city air as well. Especially during morning and evening rush hours cities become packed with vehicles. Daily traffic jams make it impossible for people to get to work in time. City authorities are spending more and more money on public transportation and are taking other steps to reduce traffic in cities. A few

years ago the London mayor made people pay to drive their cars into thc city centre.

(4) Urban garbage — like food, paper, and cans -  is one more problem of cities. Waste that people throw away is burned or ends up in landfills. Urban garbage is ugly. It makes the city look dirty, and it spoils the view. All of this makes modem cities an unhealthy place to live in.

(5) Cities of today face many social problems. Crime, alcoholism, and drug addiction are especially high in cities. Many young people are unemployed.

(6) Larger multiethnic cities face conflicts between groups with different cultural backgrounds. Blacks and whites in the USA and South Africa had a violent history in the 20th century. Even though residents of cities have a higher standard of living there remain many poor people. Government organizations work hard to get rid of poverty They try to give such people better education and jobs.

(7) Nevertheless, as the world‘s population is constantly on the rise more and more people are moving to cities. Some local governments are trying to relieve cities of overpopulation by building new towns outside city areas. Cities will have to become greener. Modern buildings will rely on new energy forms. Traffic will have to change drastically.

5. Выпишите из абзацев (1,5) и переведите предложения с инфинитивами.  Инфинитив подчеркните.

1. As city population grows governments do not have the money to build modern apartment buildings.
2. Government organizations work hard to get rid of poverty
3. They try to give such people better education and jobs.

6.Выпишите из текста и переведите предложения с герундием.

1. Even though residents of cities have a higher standard of living there remain many poor people.

2. Some local governments are trying to relieve cities of overpopulation by building new towns outside city areas.

7.Перепишите следующие вопросы и дайте письменные ответы. Переведите предложения.

1. What social problems do modern cities face today?

2. How did the London Mayor solve the traffic problem some years ago?

3. What did government do to get rid of poverty?

4.What can building new towns in the suburbs give?