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Английский язык 1 семестр. Зачет Контрольная работа №1 (Тверской государственный технический университет) Купить готовые варианты>>>

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Английский язык 1 семестр. Зачет

Контрольная работа №1

Вариант 2

1. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Определите, какой частью речи являются выделенные слова.

1. In the UK, the secretary of State awards a degree-level qualification.

2. The universities enjoy almost complete autonomy from local government in their administration.

3. Before taking a course students complete the attached form.

4. Questions about the value, role and control of higher education are often discussed by the public.

5. Institutions receive public funding.

2. Перепишите предложения. Выпишите слова, имеющие окончание –s, и определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются эти слова, и какую функцию выполняет окончание –s: а) показатель третьего лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite/Simple; б) показатель множественного числа имени существительного; в) показатель притяжательного падежа имени существительного. Переведите данные предложения на русский язык.

1. If schools offer postgraduate degrees, they offer Master’s Degrees.

2. These students possess the relevant entry qualifications.

3. The university provides support for students with disabilities.

4. Students’ Academic Society involves students in development work of the university.

5. Entry requirements for British universities are rather complicated.

3. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степени сравнения следующих прилагательных. Переведите их на русский язык

Interesting, little, big, narrow, lazy

б) Перепишите предложения и подчеркните в них прилагательные в степени сравнения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The University of Cambridge is one of the oldest in the world.

2. The study at the University is more difficult than that at school.

3. The Philipines adopted the American model of higher education.

4. The longer he studies, the better knowledge he obtains.

5. A Certificate of Higher Education is the most basic qualification offered at undergraduate.

4. Перепишите следующие предложения, заполнив пропуски местоимениями из скобок. Переведите предложения.

1. My brother and (… mine, my,I) are actors of local theatre.

2. Where is my cat? (She, It) is in (its,her) place under the chair.

3. May I offer (your,yours,you) something to drink?

4. Let (I, me, my) give you a piece of advice.

5. This University is very old. (It, its, his) history dates back to the 11^th century.

5. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. They tend to focus on areas such as the arts, business & management, and theology.

2. Some universities have moved towards the American concept of two “semesters” a year.

have moved Present Perfect Active

Некоторые университеты перешли к американской концепции двух «семестров» в год

3. Universities will vary in the percentage of their overall funding.

4. The association of scholars first gathered in the town of Oxford in 1209.

5. Student were looking through their notes when the teacher came into room.

6. Прочитайте текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы (1), (2), (5)

ENGLISH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

(1) The English higher education system is very well known for its high standards and intelligent graduates, Many people who have obtained high honors such as Nobel Prizes have attended English universities. In many higher education institutions most students start going to university from age 18 and study there for some sort of academic degree.

(2) All English universities offer a first level of degree known as a Bachelor’s degree. This take you approximately three years to complete. Some institutions in England may also offer a Master’s Degree at the undergraduate level, which takes a total of four years to complete. Many people are finding this to be a great option because it costs a lot less money than returning for a postgraduate Master’s degree. And there is actually no difference between the credentials this type of degree gives you. Other universities offer vocational degrees known as “foundation degrees”. These take approximately two years to complete. They are also very flexible; you can continue to work full time while going to school.

(3) Some of the most prestigious universities in England offer postgraduate degrees. If schools offer postgraduate degrees, they offer Master’s Degrees (typically one year, sometimes two years if your degree is research-based) and/or Doctorate degrees (three year degrees). These are only available if you have obtained a Bachelor’s degree at an accredited university (not necessarily one in England).

(4) British universities provide support for students with disabilities such as adapted accommodation, professional care staff and learning support coordinators trained to help you get the most out of you degree. Universities in the UK also provide material in Braille and other formats, in addition to allowing students with disability extra time to complete their coursework and exams.

(5) England has a rich history of quality higher education and each university has great options for any students.

7. Выпишите из текста по 3 словосочетания с существительными, употребленными с определенными и неопределенными артиклями, переведите их на русский язык.

8. Перепишите следующие вопросы и дайте письменные ответы. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. What age do usually students start their university course?

2. How long does it take to complete a Bachelor’s degree in the UK?

3. What education do schools offer after completing the first degree?

4. What support do British universities provide for disabled students?

9. Выпишите из текста в словарь все незнакомые слова с транскрипцией и переведите их.

ABOUT MYSELF

Let me introduce myself. My name is ___________. I am ______(years old). I am a first-year student of Tver State University. I finished school (college) in 2007. I studied many subjects but my favorite ones were mathematics and physics. As I studied well I decided to continue my education at Technical University. I passed entrance exams and was taken in the extra-manual department of the university. Now I am in the first course. I study at the Faculty of Information Technologies my future speciality is electronic machines, system and networks.

The academic year begins in September and ends in July. There are two terms in the course of the academic year. So extra-mural students come to the University and take examination twice a year in January and June, Between our examination we read privately.

The University has a four-year course of study. The first year students study different subjects: higher mathematics, physics, chemistry, English history, computer science and number of other subjects. We are taught by highly qualified lectures and professors. There are several computer classes and many well-equipped laboratories at the University. In four years I shall graduate from University. I like to study so I hope to become a highly qualified specialist in a chosen field.

Ответьте на следующие вопросы

1) What is your name?

2) How old are you?

3) What University do you study at?

4) At what faculty do you study?

5) What is your future specialty?

6) Why did you enter this institute? Почему вы поступили в университет?

7) How did you pass your entrance exams?

8) How is academic year organized?

9) For how many years does the University course usually last?

10) Why is it so important to be a highly qualified specialist in a choosen field?

Вариант 5

1. British students in the US typically study at the undergraduate level.

2. Undergraduate study leads to a British “first degree” which is generally a Bachelor’s degree credential.

3. A total of 16 UK universities appear in the top 100.

4. The Oxford enrolment totals more than 20,000 students.

5. The US and UK mutually dominate the international ranking of higher education institution.

1. The UK produces the highest number of MBAs outside North America.

2. Another type of Master’s degree is the Master in Research.

3. We are seeing the emergence of new structures and forms of collaboration.

4. This policy approach neither supports nor opposes grammar schools.

5. In today’s world economy you need specific skills and qualities to be able to succeed in your field.

Busy, cute, reliable, good, general

1. A doctorate is the highest qualification you can reach in the UK.

2. More people are going to school and university than ever before.

3. The most notable difference are seen in the Scottish education system.
4. Further education is also known as senior secondary vocational edication.

5. The more that you learn, the more places you’ll go.

4. Перепишите следующие предложения, заполнив пропуски местоимениями из скобок. Переведите предложения.

1. Lisa enjoys playing the piano. It’s (it, she, her) hobby.

2. My friend came to see (I, my, me) last night.

3. (We, our, us) relatives live abroad.

4. Follow (I, me, my). I’ll show you the way.

5. Jim and Tead are so noisy. (Their, they. them) behavior is awful.

6. My parents are busy. I don’t want to disturb (Their, they. them).

1. A growing number of UK universities are setting up campuses abroad.

2. The expansion of UK higher education has undoubtedly increased the expectations of students and their parents.

3. The word ‘red brick’ came from the popular building material of that time.

4. Both universities comprise many buildings of great beauty and antiquity.

5. Grammar schools will survive mainly as very highly selective schools.

6. Прочитайте текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы (1), (3), (4)

HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

(1) Higher education in the UK is now provided by a diverse range of organizations. 166 institutions currently have their own degree awarding powers. The majority of these also have ‘university’ title which is only granted to those institutions which meet certain criteria. However, there is also a growing number of ‘listed body’ – institutions which do not have the power to award their own degrees, but may provide full courses which lead to a degree of institutions with degree powers.

(2) Recently the UK government estimated that, in addition to degree awarding institutions, there were 1,600 bodies, including 250 further education colleges, which currently offer some form of UK higher education provision. It should also be noted that, for many proposes, higher education policy is now developed separately in each of the countries making up the UK. Thus, the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government, and Northern Ireland Executive have specific and differing responsibilities for certain parts of higher education student policies.

(3) The UK’s Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are not owned or run by government. They are independent, autonomous legal entities where Councils or Governing Bodies have responsibility for determining the strategic direction of the institutions, for ensuring that it is effectively managed. While the majority of HEIs is managed via some funding as a percentage of their total income? The proportion varies considerably between institutions.

(4) Government funding for publicy-funded HEIs is managed via some funding councils which provide both financial support and general guidance to institutions.

Перевод:

8. Перепишите следующие вопросы и дайте письменные ответы. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Which institutions can provide higher education in UK?

2. What are ‘listed bodies’?

3. Does the government run the UK’s higher schools?

4. What do the funding councils offer?

9. Выпишите из текста в словарь все незнакомые слова с транскрипцией и переведите их.

extramural ['mjuər(ə)l] заочный

department [dɪ'pɑːtmənt] факультет; кафедра

term [tɜːm] семестр

ABOUT MYSELF

Ответьте на следующие вопросы

1) What is your name?

2) How old are you?

3) What University do you study at?

4) At what faculty do you study?

5) What is your future specialty?

6) Why did you enter this institute?

7) How did you pass your entrance exams?

8) How is academic year organized?

9) For how many years does the University course usually last?

10) Why is it so important to be a highly qualified specialist in achoosen field?

Английский язык 2 семестр. Зачет Контрольная работа №2 (Тверской государственный технический университет) Купить готовые варианты>>>

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Английский язык

Контрольная работа №2

Вариант 2

1. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. A gold rush began in Australia in the early 1850s.

2. Australia will begin to withdraw troops without defining a political solution in line with its interests.

3. A new game with a greater possibility for success will have begun by the end of the year.

4. Technological advances have begun to turn the long-standing dream of energy independence into a reality.

5. Tom began to worry about how he was going to pay for his son’s education.

6. Asbestos is used to make paper and сloth commercially in Australia.

2. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The Committe should meet annually.

2. The Committee was to review the situation and set priorities.

3. They say he has to come back with the United Nations approval.

4. The only way anyone can live in peace is if they’re ready to forgive.

5. Australia may be the driest continent on the Earth.

6. You won’t be allowed to tale photographs.

3. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них Participle и Participle II и установите их функции, т.е. укажите является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The first recorded (определение) European landfall on the Australian continent (in 1606) is attributed to the Dutch.

2. That was recorded in the scanner, by the way.

3. As for the global economic crisis, Australia went through it recording (обстоятельство) a fast and strong recovery.

4. We were actually recording history.

5. Between 1855 and 1890, the six colonies managing (определение) most of their own affairs gained responsible government, while remaining part of the British Empire.

6. Following Yahoo’s directions, the police arrested him.

4. Выберите правильную форму Participle I или Participle II. Перепишите получившиеся предложение и переведите его.

1. The lecture delivering/delivered by our dean was on new methods of technology.

2. The man delivering/delivered this lecture is our professor of economics.

3. Doing/Having done his coursework he was thinking hard.

4. Doing/Having done his coursework he emailed it for the teacher to check.

5. The vase has falling/fallen off the table.

5. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая особое внимание на придаточные предложения.

1. That is what we want to know.

2. Although most of Australia is semi-arid or desert, it includes a diverse range of habitats.

3. Since there was no bus, I had to walk.

4. If you take part in the role-play, you will gain more points.

5. Australia is the only country in the world that is also a continent.

6. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык абзацы (1) и (3)

AUSTRALIA

(1) Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the largest country in Oceania and world’s six-largest country by total area. The neighboring countries are Papua New Guinea and East Timor to the north; Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and the New Zealand to the south-east. Australia’s capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sidney.

(2) For about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18^th century Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians. After the European discovery of the continent by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia’s eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788.

(3) The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by 1850s most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established. On 1^st of January 1901, the six colonies federated forming the Commonwealth of Australia, Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states and several territories.

(4) Australia has the world’s 13^th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. The country ranks highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom, and civil liberties and political rights. Australia is a member of the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

(5) The population of 25 million is highly urbanized and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard. Australia has the world’s 9^th largest population, where immigrants account for 26% of the population.

7. Перепишите следующие вопросы и дайте письменные ответы.

1. What is the official name of Australia? Why?

2. Who was the first to discover the continent?

3. What political system does Australia have today?

4. Major part of Australia’s population lives in rural areas. doesn’t it?

8. Выпишите из абзацев (1) и (5) предложения с причастиями I и II и переведите их на русский язык.

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the largest country in Oceania and world’s six-largest country by total area.

The population of 25 million is highly urbanized and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard. Australia has the world’s 9^th largest population, where immigrants account for 26% of the population.

9. Выпишите из текста в словарь все незнакомые слова с транскрипцией и переведите их. Будьте готовы к чтению и устному переводу с Вашим словарем.

Commonwealth of Australia [ ˈkɒm.ən.welθ ] [ əv ] [ ɒˈstreɪlɪə ] Австралийский союз

GREAT BRITAIN

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 240,000 square kilometers. The United Kingdom is made up of four constituent units: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. In everyday speech «Great Britain» is used to mean the United Kingdom. The capital of the United Kingdom is London.

The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Irish Sea and the English Channel.

The surface of the British Isles varies very much. There are mountains on the north and west. The center and south-east is vast plain. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1.343 m). There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest one and most important one.

The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean, and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence on the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round.

The United Kingdom is one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of technology, machinery, textile and electronics. One of the chief industries is engineering.

The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. In Law, the Head of State is the Queen. In practice, the country is ruled by elected Government, with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament, the main legislative body, consists of two chamber: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. There are two main political parties in Great Britain: The Labour and Conservative. The Conservative party is ruling nowadays. The Prime Minister is Theresa May.

The United Kingdom is one of the most powerful in the world.

Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии расположено на Британских островах. Британские острова состоят из двух крупных островов - Великобритания и Ирландия, и около пяти тысяч небольших островов. Их общая площадь свыше 244,000 квадратных километров. Соединенное Королевство состоит из четырех стран: Англии, Уэльса, Шотландии и Северной Ирландии. В повседневной речи название "Великобритания" используется для обозначения всего Соединенного Королевства. Столица Великобритании - Лондон.

Британские острова отделены от континента Северным морем, Ирландским морем и Английским Каналом.

Поверхность Британских островов очень разнообразная. На севере и западе расположены горы. В центре и на юго-востоке – обширная равнина. Бен-Невис в Шотландии является самой высокой горой, но она имеет высоту всего 1343 метра. Есть много рек в Великобритании, но они не очень длинные. Северн-самая длинная река, в то время как Темза самая глубокая и наиболее важная.

Горы, Атлантический океан и теплые воды течения Гольфстрим влияют на климат Британских островов. Он мягкий круглый год.

Соединенное Королевство является одним из крупнейших в мире производителей и экспортеров технологий, оборудования, текстиля и электроники. Одна из главных отраслей машиностроения.

Великобритания является конституционной монархией. По закону, глава государства - Королева. На практике, страной правит избранное правительство с премьером министром во главе. Британский парламент состоит из двух палат: палаты лордов и Палаты общин. В Великобритании две основные политические партии: лейбористская, консервативная. На данный момент правит консервативная партия. Премьером министром является Тереза Мей.

Соединенное королевство одна из самых влиятельных стран в мире.

I Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту

1) Where is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland situated?

2) What parts is the United Kingdom made up of?

3) What is the capital of Great Britain?

4) What is the surface of the British Isles?

5) What is the highest mountain of Great Britain?

6) What influences the climate of the British Isles?

7) What is the chief industry of Great Britain?

8) What is the political structure of the United Kingdom?

9) What party is ruling nowadays?

10) Who is the Prime Minister?

Вариант 5

1. Output from the coalfields continued to increase.

2. Shortly afterwards Welsh law, which had continued to be used in Wales after Norman conquest, was fully replaced by English law.

3. Prices will continue to rise.

4. They are beating drums all night to keep us awake and continue our work.

5. So the game will be continued next morning.

6. Instead, they have insisted that nuclear weapons are essential for their security and continued to modernize their nuclear arsenals.

1. The consequences may be far more deadly than we were imagined.

2. You must not lose sight of your life goal.

3. Furthermore, if Scotland demands more autonomy, then Wales can’t be far behind.

4. You should take things as they are.

5. We were not to be late.

6. Environmentalists were permitted to take part in a public hearing.

3. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них Participle I и Participle II и установите их функции, т.е. укажите является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Wales had few factories producing finished goods.

2. Some of the inspectors he knew well, having dined with them during visits to Cardiff.

3. Scottish and Welsh economies had produced big trade surpluses.

4. We are now finishing breakfast.

5. A Welsh buyer wants to buy something produced in a certain way.

6. A crime produces particularly damaging consequences in the developing world.

4. Выберите правильную форму Participle I или Participle II. Перепишите получившиеся предложение и переведите его.

1. The book writing/written by this scientist is very helpful in our research.

2. The woman writing/written the book is a well-known HRM specialist.

3. Reading/Having read the article she closed the journal and put it on the shelf.

4. Reading/Having read the article she wrote out some essential data.

5. The company is building/built a new shopping center.

5. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая особое внимание на придаточные предложения

1. I have been able to bring it back home so that we continue our studies.

2. Scotland differs from Wales which was forcibly incorporated into England.

3. Continuous human habitation dates from the end of the last ice age when hunter-gatherers from central Europe began to migrate to Great Britain.

4. If you ever go to Wales, you will see dragons everywhere.

5. Since Wales is washed by a branch of the Gulf Stream, it is not so cold even in the winter.

6. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык абзацы (2) и (5)

WALES

(1) Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, and the Bristol Channel to the south. Its population is about 3 million people. Wales has over 2,700 km of coastline and is largely mountainous. Its higher peaks in the north and central areas, including Snowdon , its highest summit. The country lies within the north temperate Zone and has a changeable, maritime climate.

(2) Welsh national identity emerged among the Celtic Britons after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5^th century, and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations. At the dawn of the Industrial Revolution development of the mining and metallurgical industries transformed the country from agriculture society into industrial nation; the South Wales Coalfield exploitation caused a rapid expansion of Wales’ population.

(3) Two-thirds of the population live in South Wales mainly in and around Cardiff (the capital) Swansea and Newport, and in the nearby valleys.

(4) Now that the country’s traditional extractive and heavy industries have gone or are in decline Wales’ economy depends on the public sector, light and service industries and tourism.

(5) Although Wales closely shares its political and social history with the rest of Great Britain, and the vast majority of the population speaks English, the country has retained a distinct cultural identity and is officially bilingual. From the late 19th century onwards, Wales acquired its popular image as the "land of song", in part due to the eisteddfod tradition. At many international sporting events, such as the FIFA World Cup, Rugby World Cup and the Commonwealth Games, Wales has its own national teams, though at the Olympic Games, Welsh athletes compete as part of a Great Britain team. Rugby union is seen as a symbol of Welsh identity and an expression of national consciousness.

7. Перепишите следующие вопросы и дайте письменные ответы.

1. What is the main Wales’ topography?

2. What is the basis of Wales’ economy?

3. How does Wales maintain its national identity?

4. Does Wales have its own national teams at the Olympic Games?

8. Выпишите из абзацев (1) и (4) предложения с причастиями I и II и переведите их на русский язык.

. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, and the Bristol Channel to the south.

Its higher peaks in the north and central areas, including Snowdon , its highest summit.

Now that the country’s traditional extractive and heavy industries have gone or are in decline Wales’ economy depends on the public sector, light and service industries and tourism.

9. Выпишите из текста в словарь все незнакомые слова с транскрипцией и переведите. Будьте готовы к чтению и устному переводу.

GREAT BRITAIN

The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Irish Sea and the English Channel.

The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean, and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence on the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round.

The United Kingdom is one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of technology, machinery, textile and electronics. One of the chief industries is engineering.

The United Kingdom is one of the most powerful in the world.

I Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту

1) Where is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland situated?

2) What parts is the United Kingdom made up of?

3) What is the capital of Great Britain?

4) What is the surface of the British Isles?

5) What is the highest mountain of Great Britain?

6) What influences the climate of the British Isles?

7) What is the chief industry of Great Britain?

8) What is the political structure of the United Kingdom?

.9) What party is ruling nowadays?

10) Who is the Prime Minister?

Английский язык 3 семестр. Зачет Контрольная работа №3 (Тверской Государственный Университет) Купить готовые варианты>>>

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Вариант 1

1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные функции слов it, that, one.

1.The centre of the city is called downtown. It consists of stores, banks, government buildings and cultural attractions.

2. What is it? - It's our new residential area.

3. It was at the end of the 18h century when our town was planned and redesigned.

4. One can find a lot of sights and places of interest in Tver.

5.-Where is that place? - Which one?- The one we talked about yesterday.

6. That suburbs are the places pleasant to live in is a controversial idea.

2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива или инфинитивного оборота.

Cities have become very attractive places to live in.

2. To live in cities is convenient but sometimes not very comfortable.

3. To live in the city they had to sell their farm and borrow some money from a bank.

4. The city council is unlikely to authorize a new parking construction.

5. We know the department store to have been built one and a half years ago.

6. In spite of the community's opinion the city council made the company continue

demolishing the building.

3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая особое внимание на форму и функцию герундия.

Moving to the suburbs to avoid the city noise and smoke was their joint decision.
They insisted on the resolution being reconsidered.
She avoids working downtown as it takes much time to get to.
Mr. Smith mentioned having been invited to the exhibition.
I am against offering him a new position.
I am against being offered a new position.

4. Прочитайте текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык. Выпишите все незнакомые слова с транскрипцией и переведите их. Будьте готовы к чтению и переводу текста с Вашим словарём.

CITIES

(1) A city is a place where thousands or even millions of people live in a very small area. Cities are much larger and more important than towns or villages. Today, about half of the world's population lives in cities.

(2) Today's modern cities often have three characteristic areas. The centre of the city is called downtown. It consists of stores, banks, government buildings and cultural attractions. Many people come to work in the downtown area. In large cities the downtown area is full of skyscrapers. An industrial region with factories, warehouses, mills and other industries lies around the downtown area. Suburbs are the places farthest away from the city centre. They are new residential areas where most people live. Suburbs have their own stores and shopping malls but people often have to travel an hour or longer to work downtown.

(3) Cities have become very attractive places because they offer people not only jobs and work but also many things they can do in their free time. You can go to museums or art exhibitions, relax in public parks, listen to music at concerts or eat out at expensive restaurants that offer food from all over the world. Big department stores give you the pleasure of buying many things without leaving the building.

(4) Cities offer their residents and the people who work there a variety of ways of getting around. Many people walk or ride a bike which is often the fastest way to get around in a crowded city.

(5) All cities offer at least some forms of public transport: buses, trains or subways that travel underground.

(6) A city has its own government called the city council. The head of a city is its mayor. City governments have many things to care for. They must organize their own police force to protect the citizens and fight crime. They must provide residents with drinking water, electricity, heating hospitals and services to get rid of waste. The city council must decide in which parts of the city new factories or houses can be built.

5. Выпишите из абзацев 2 и 3 предложения с модальными глаголами. Подчеркните в них инфинитив.

6.Выпишите из текста и переведите одно предложение с герундием. Герундий подчеркните.

Перепишите письменные вопросы и дайте на них ответы. Переведите предложения.

What three areas are typical of modern cities?
Why have cities become attractive places to live in?
What means of public transport does a city offer?
Who must protect the citizens and fight crime in cities?

THE TOWN OF TVER

The town of Tver stands on the Great Russian River Volga. Tver is one of the oldest Russian towns. It is 12 years older than Moscow. Tver was founded in 1135. It played a great role in the early history of our country. In 1755 Tver became the principle town of the Tver province.

The centre of the town was designed by the wel-known Russian architects Nikitin, Kasakov, and Kvasov at the end of the 18 century. This centre has been preserved to our days. Many beautiful buildings designed by them are examples of Russian architecture: the Imperial Trvel Palace, a number of buildings in Octagonal Square, and on the bank of the Volga River (Stepan Rasin Embankment).

Many famous Russian poets and writers came to Tver many times. Some of them are Pushkin, I A. Krylov, M. Ye. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Monuments to them were erected in our town. On the left bank of the Volga River we can also see the monument merchant Afanasy Nikitin who was the first to travel to and document his visit to India.

In the second part of the 19th century Tver became a large industrial town. Here appeared large textile mills and a railway carriage building plant.

Now Tver is a big industrial centre. Its population is about 500,000. There are many large enterprises of engineering, metal working, textile, chemical, polygraphical and other branches of industry.

Many new modern houses have been built in the former outskirts.

Tver is also a big cultural centre of our country. Its Drama Theatre, Philharmonic Society, Puppet Theatre were built after war. It has many cinemas, clubs palaces of culture, a television centre and many libraries. The Gorky Regional Library founded one hundred years ago is housed in a new building now.

There are many educational establishments in our town. Among them are State University, Technical University, Medical University, Military University, and Agricultural Academy.

The country around Tver is very picturesque. The town grows and becomes mare beautiful from year to year.

CIVIL ENGINEERING

The term engineering is a modern one. The New Marriam-Webster Dictionary gives the explanation of the word engineering as the practical application of scientific and mathematical principles.

Nowadays the term engineering means, as a rule, the art of designing, constructing, or using engines. But this word is now applied in a more extended sense. It is applied also to the art of executing such works as the objects of civil and military architecture, in which engines or other mechanical appliances are used. Engineering is divided into many branches. The most important of them are: civil, mechanical, electrical, nuclear, mining, military, marine, and sanitary engineering.

While the definition civil engineering dates back only two centuries, the profession of civil engineer is as old as civilized life. It started developing with the rise of ancient Rome.

First the word civil engineering was used to distinguish the work of the engineer with a non-military purpose from that of a military engineer. And up to about the middle of the 18th century there were two main branches of engineering civil and military. The former included all those branches of the constructive art not directly connected with military operations and the constructions of fortifications, while the latter, military engineering, concerned itself with the applications of science and the utilization of building materials in the art of war.

Вариант 2

Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные функции (значения слов) it, that, one.

Modern cities face the same problems. One of them is poor housing.
Urban garbage is ugly. It makes cities look dirty, and it spoils the view.
It is traffic jams that made the London authorities prohibit free drive in the city centre.
One never knows how much cities population will grow in future.

Никто не знает, насколько вырастет население городов в будущем

Social problems that face today’s cities are crime, alcoholism and unemployment.
That pollution is the greatest disadvantage of the city life of today is not news.

Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива и инфинитивного оборота.

Urban garbage makes modern cities an unhealthy place to live in.
To build modern apartment buildings governments must have the money.
To build modern apartment buildings is a new governor’s election pledge.
Cars and industries are sure to pollute city air more and more.
Crime, alcoholism and drug addiction are said to be especially high in cities.
We know the local government to have tried some measures to avoid traffic jams.

Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая особое внимание на форму и функцию герундия.

Becoming a green city is more complicated than just good planning and stricter codes.
They objected to the money being paid before the survey was completed.
He mentioned giving good education to his children
He mentioned having been given good education.
There are different ways of reducing traffic in cities.
In spite of a special pass he avoids driving into city centre because of traffic jams.

Прочитайте текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык. Выпишите из текста в словарь все незнакомые слова с транскрипцией и переведите их. Будьте готовы к чтению и устному переводу своего текста с вашим словарём.

hut [hʌt] хижина

jam[ʤæm] пробка

can[kæn] банка

landfill[ˈlændfɪl] мусорная свалка

addiction [əˈdɪkʃ(ə)n] наркомания

CITY PROBLEMS AND FUTURE OF CITIES

(1) Modern cities all over the world face in: same problems. One of them is poor housing. People often live in old houses or huts that do not have electricity or sanitation. As city population grows governments do not have the money to build modern apartment buildings.

(2) Pollution is the greatest disadvantage of the city life of today. Cars and industries are polluting city air and rivers more and more. Polluted air is hanging like a brown cloud over cities. Dirt and smoke are pouring from the buildings and factories. Polluted urban air causes respiratory distress particularly in children and elderly people.

(3) The increased number of motor Vehicles not only jams the city streets but pollutes the city air as well. Especially during morning and evening rush hours cities become packed with vehicles. Daily trafﬁc jams make it impossible for people to get to work in time. City authorities are spending more and more money on public transportation and are taking other steps to reduce traffic in cities. A few

years ago the London mayor made people pay to drive their cars into thc city centre.

(4) Urban garbage — like food, paper, and cans - is one more problem of cities. Waste that people throw away is burned or ends up in landfills. Urban garbage is ugly. It makes the city look dirty, and it spoils the view. All of this makes modem cities an unhealthy place to live in.

(5) Cities of today face many social problems. Crime, alcoholism, and drug addiction are especially high in cities. Many young people are unemployed.

(6) Larger multiethnic cities face conflicts between groups with different cultural backgrounds. Blacks and whites in the USA and South Africa had a violent history in the 20th century. Even though residents of cities have a higher standard of living there remain many poor people. Government organizations work hard to get rid of poverty They try to give such people better education and jobs.

(7) Nevertheless, as the world‘s population is constantly on the rise more and more people are moving to cities. Some local governments are trying to relieve cities of overpopulation by building new towns outside city areas. Cities will have to become greener. Modern buildings will rely on new energy forms. Traffic will have to change drastically.

Выпишите из абзацев (1,5) и переведите предложения с инфинитивами. Инфинитив подчеркните.

As city population grows governments do not have the money to build modern apartment buildings.
Government organizations work hard to get rid of poverty
They try to give such people better education and jobs.

6.Выпишите из текста и переведите предложения с герундием.

1. Even though residents of cities have a higher standard of living there remain many poor people.

2. Some local governments are trying to relieve cities of overpopulation by building new towns outside city areas.

7.Перепишите следующие вопросы и дайте письменные ответы. Переведите предложения.

1. What social problems do modern cities face today?

2. How did the London Mayor solve the traffic problem some years ago?

3. What did government do to get rid of poverty?

4.What can building new towns in the suburbs give?

Вариант 5

Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные функции (значения слов) it, that, one.

1. It is the Burj Dubai. Today it is the tallest skyscraper in the world.

2. It was the end of the 19th century when the first skyscraper appeared.

3. Steel and concrete beams and columns that carry the weight of the superstructure are placed into the foundation.

4. That people can get to all parts of a city with the help of public transport is a great achievement of city authorities.

5. He was the one to build a first skyscraper.

6. Skyscrapers are the world's tallest buildings. They are also the most comfortable ones.

Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива и инфинитивного оборота.

1. Skyscrapers are convenient and comfortable buildings to live and work in.

2. To travel long distances to the centre is always a challenge because of the traffic concentration.

3. To travel long distances to the centre they take turns driving each other to work.

4. We know the Empire State Building in New York to have been the world's highest structure for 40 years from 1932.

5. A skyscraper is assumed to be the symbol of wealth and power.

6. The noise and chaos of downtowns make people move to the suburbs.

Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая особое внимание на форму и функцию герундия.

1. After completing the outside structure the workers began installing elevators.

2. Architects are proud of having designed a skyscraper.

3. Moving away from the downtown and settling down in the suburbs is typical of modern life.

4. We insist on the inside work being finished on time.

5. Architects like being praised by others.

6. Architects hate praising others.

Прочитайте текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык. Выпишите из текста в словарь все незнакомые слова с транскрипцией и переведите их. Будьте готовы к чтению и устному переводу своего текста с вашим словарём.

MODERN CITIES

(1) In the 20th century cities grew more than ever before. During the early 20th century the construction of tall buildings became very popular in big cities. Tall buildings were also seen as a symbol of power and greatness. Architects discovered a new way to get more space in the city. They built skyscrapers.

(2) Skyscrapers are the world's tallest buildings. They first appeared in New York and Chicago at the end of the 19th century. Skyscrapers are often like small cities. They offer space for offices apartments, shops, hotels, restaurants and other services. Tens of thousands of people live and work there.

(3) Skyscrapers have two parts: the foundation is the part below the ground and the superstructure is the part above the ground. Both sections hold the weight of the building. A skyscraper needs careful planning before it can be built. First a big hole a few storeys deep is dug into the earth. Sometimes this foundation reaches into solid rock. Then steel and concrete beams and columns are placed into it. They carry the weight of the superstructure

(4) When the foundation is finished cranes are used to raise a steel frame up into the sky. As it moves upward other workers lay floors and hang in the outside walls. The complete structure of the skyscraper must be finished before the inside systems can be installed.

(5) Corridors, staircases, elevators, heating systems, air conditioning and electrical systems belong to the most important inner elements of a skyscraper. Although the outside structure can be completed in a few weeks it may take years to finish the whole building.

(6) As time goes on more and more people move away from the inner parts of the city and settle down in the suburbs, which are places where it is quieter and where the quality of life is better. These suburbs become small towns with their own office buildings and shopping centres. Residents can work and live there without having to travel long distances to the centre. Poorer people, however, stay in the centres and form ghettos. They lack the money to buy houses or flats in more expensive suburbs. Today's cities are much larger than cities in previous times. With the help of cars and public transport people can get to all parts of a city very quickly.

Выпишите из абзацев (3,4,5) и переведите предложения с инфинитивами. Инфинитив подчеркните.

6.Выпишите из текста и переведите предложения с герундием.

7.Перепишите следующие вопросы и дайте письменные ответы. Переведите предложения.

1. Why did the construction of tall buildings become very popular in big cities during the early 20th century?

2. What are skyscrapers like?

3. What is to be finished before fixing inside systems?

4.Why do some people not move out of the city centres?

HRM AS A STRATEGIC ACTYVITY

What is the linchpin which puts a particular set of HRM philosophies, approaches and techniques within the context of a specific organization? According to the theories, this is driven by the strategic role of HRM. It is proposed that all HRM systems and practices should be integrated into a coherent policy and that this is derived from the overall business strategy of the organization. The overall business strategy provides a vision of what the business is about, about where it should be going in the future, and about how it should go about setting and achieving objectives to realize the vision. The process of strategy formulation involves a variety of activities, including the analysis of current strengths and weaknesses, the evaluation of threats from competitors, and the identification of potential opportunities for the future. The end result of this process is the formulation of a set of strategic goals or objectives and the development of a set of policies and procedures to implement these. Since any strategy can only realistically be successfully implemented through the people who make up the organization, HRM clearly has a critical role to play here. But precisely how does HRM strategy link into this process of overall strategy formulation?

At one level, the role of HRM is restricted to that of facilitating a pre-determined business strategy. For example, suppose an organization develops a business strategy which aims to gain competitive advantage by producing, high value added, and high quality products. Part of an HRM strategic objective to support this might be the development of a quality oriented culture within the organization. A number of changes could be introduced to help achieve this objective. For example, communication systems could be introduced continually to reinforce the quality message. Self-managed teams with responsibility for their own quality control could be set up. In order to back up the introduction of self-managed teams, appraisal systems designed to monitor performance might be changed from being carried out on an individual basis to being done on a group basis. This example illustrates both the strategic support role of HRM and the integrative nature of strategic HRM where communication systems, team working, and appraisal systems are considered as a whole in the light of the strategic objective. The reader might like to try to map out an HRM strategy where the strategic plan emphasized high volume low cost products. (2100)

HRM (Human Resources Management - Управление человеческими ресурсами) как стратегическая деятельность.

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Вариант 2

Выберите правильную форму видовременную форму глагола (предложения 1-3) или модального глагола / его эквивалента (предложения 4-6). Перепишите получившееся предложение и переведите его.

l. At the age of twenty my father combine / combined/ has combined work and study.

2. А great number of students study /studied/ were studying in the reading-room when l enter / entered / was entering it last night.

3. А new hospital will build/ will built / will be built in the town centre.

4. Students must /can /may take exams in January.

5. She can / will be able to / should speak French soon.

6. We should/ could/ may know this rule.

2. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения. содержащие придаточные предложения условия.

1. I will go and see him next week if I am free.

2. I would go and see him next week if l were free.

3. I would have gone and seen him yesterday if l had been free.

4. Iſ l were you, l would not be so frank with him.

5. He wished he had kept the secret.

6. I wish you would work harder.

3. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложении, учитывая. что обороты с наличными формами английского глагола, как правило. Соответствуют русским придаточным предложениям.

l. We know radio navigation stations to be located at deferent places around the world to guide the pilots.

2. Radio navigation stations are known to be located all over the world to guide the pilots.

3. Hundreds of radio navigation stations watch the airplanes find their- destination and land safely.

4. А force applied to a body causes it to move in a straight line.

5. President Jefferson having offered his personal library, the foundation of the Library of Congress was laid.

6. Anthony Panizzi designed the Reading Room of the British Museum, the Reading Room being a perfect circle.

4. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на многозначность выделенных слов.

1. А new computerized system monitors the production processes of this plant.

2. This plant is equipped with video and televisions monitors.

3.  Our Laboratory is developing an electronic monitoring system for сars.

4. Since conventional headlights are not very effective, a new system has to be developed

5. The number of chemical elements known to science has grown considerably since Mendeleev created his Periodic Table in 1871.

6. Weightlessness can be created on Earth but only a few seconds.

7. The only requirement for plastic steel is that it must be rich in carbon.

5. Прочитайте текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы (1), (3) на русский язык.

SPECIAL ENGLISH TECHNOLOGY REPORT

Cathy Hutchinson is a tetraplegic. She has not been able to move her arms, legs or speak since suffering a stroke nearly fifteen years ago. Recently, she learned how to control a robotic arm using her thoughts. She now can use brain activity to serve herself a drink. The American woman is one of two people who took part in a research project known as Brain Gate.
The researchers have spent years studying how to help people who are paralyzed regain movement in their arms and legs.
John Donoghue was part of the project. He is a neuroscientist with Brown University and the Department of Veterans Affairs. He says people who are paralyzed have their brain disconnected from their body. So he and other researchers decided to go around the damaged nervous system. They developed a way to go directly from the brain to the outside world. The two paralyzed people had small sensors connected to the part of the brain that controls movement. The devices measured brain activity and sent that information to a computer. The computer has special software that turns the information into digital commands for operating other devices. The researchers used a highly developed robotic arm to recreate human actions.
The Brain Gate team had its first success in 2006. A tetraplegic victim was able to use the brain-computer interface system to control a computer cursor. John Donoghue says that the latest development using robotic arms is a major victory. A video of the experiment shows Cathy Hutchinson using such an arm to pick up a cup of coffee. She guides the cup toward her mouth, moves it forward and drinks through a straw. The researchers are calling the information very promising. But they say it will take years to fully develop the technology for everyday use.

6. Перепишите следующие вопросы и дайте письменные ответы. Переведите предложения.

What is the goal of the Brain Gate project?
What do scientists offer for tetraplegic people to recreate their movements?
What could Ms Hutchinson do with a robotic arm?
Unfortunately the suggested technology failed during tests, didn t it?

7. Выпишите из текста в словарь все незнакомые слова с транскрипцией и переведите их. Будьте готовы к чтению и устному переводу текста с Вашим словарем.

ВАРИАНТ 4

1. Выберите правильную видовременную форму глагола (предложения 1-3) или модального глагола / его эквивалента (предложения 4-6). Перепишите получившееся предложение и переведите его.

I. When I enter / was entered / entered the hall, the students listen / were listening / listened to a very interesting lecture on history.

2. I know / have known / knew my best friend since 1975.

3. The newspapers bring/ is bringing/are brought in the morning.

4. It's not far. You may / should / can go on foot there.

5. The room is aired. Now the students may/could /must enter it.

6. She cannot / shouldn't / may not do this work in time.

2. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, учитывая, что обороты с неличными формами английского глагола, как правило, соответствуют русским придаточным предложениям.

1. If he doesn't let me down, I will do the work in a week.

2. If he didn't let me down, I would do the work in a week.

3. If he hadn't let me down, I would have done the work in a week.

4. If I were you, I would have punished the boy yesterday.

5. He wished she would not avoid him.

6. I wish you would keep to the subject.

3.Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, учитывая, что обороты с неличными формами английского глагола, как правило, соответствуют русским придаточным предложениям.

1. Experts expect the new submersible craft to move round the ocean floor like a sports car.

2. The new submersible craft is expected to move round the ocean floor like a sports car.

3. At the Paris Exhibition people watched the Ruslan airplane carry a great amount of cargo.

4. Very high temperatures often cause certain materials to break.

5. By 1960 the number of cars in the world had reached 60 million, no other industry having ever developed so quickly.

6. Cars with internal combustion engines having appeared, the automobile industry began to develop rapidly.

4. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на многофункциональность выделенных слов.

1.A special electronic device signals the engine to stop.

2. Now it is possible to send signals over long distances.

3. A signal bridge is an open platform near the navigating bridge of a warship.

4.The burning of fuel is a chemical process, since it changes the fuel into heat, light, gases and ashes.

5.Since the war, the strength of the monopolies has grown in the United States, Britain and France. In West Germany and Japan they have regained their power.

6.These are only a few of the questions which arise out of the vast subject Planning and Economic Growth.

7.The only items remaining on the agenda were the ones listed in the Journal for 16 February.

5. Прочитайте текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык. Выпишите из текста в словарь все незнакомые слова с транскрипцией и переведите их. Будьте готовы к чтению и устному переводу всего текста с Вашим Словарем.

QUALITY OR QUANTITY

You didn't ask for it, and you might not know about it. But you've probably already eaten some of it. It's genetically engineered food. Perfectly round tomatoes all exactly the same size, long straight cucumbers and big fat chickens are now a normal part of our diets. They are made that way by genetic engineering — not by nature. Their genes have been changed.

Every living thing has genes. They are passed on from generation to generation. They make sure that humans give birth to humans and cows give birth to cows. They also make sure that a dog cannot give birth to a frog or an elephant.

Genetic engineers take genes from one species — for example, a scorpion, and transfer them to another — for example corn. In this way a new life form is created. Genetic engineers put duck genes into chickens to make the chickens bigger. They put hormones into cows to make them produce more milk. This does not make them cheaper, tastier or healthier. It makes them easier and faster for the farmer to grow.

The effects of genetic engineering on our health are not known. Many of the genes which are used — such as those of scorpions, rats, mice and moths — are not part of our diet so we do not know how dangerous they may be. For example, people can develop allergies to food which has been genetically engineered. The effects of genetic engineering on the natural world may be disastrous. The engineers may create life forms — monsters — that we cannot control.

Some people believe, though, that genetic engineering could be the solution to the problem of famine.

We would all like a better, healthier and longer life, and genetic engineering might give us this. On the other hand, it may be a dangerous experiment with nature.

6. Перепишите следующие вопросы и дайте письменные ответы. Переведите предложения.

How tomatoes are made perfectly round?
What does every living thing have that can be changed and modified by scientists?
What is the main aim of genetic engineering?
What are the pros and contras of genetic engineering?

OUR UNIVERSITY AND MY SPECIALITY

(CT)

Let me introduce myself. My full name is Murad . I am a second-year student of Tver

State Technical University.

Tver Technical University is one of the biggest higher schools in our country. Tver Technical University was established in 1922 as Moscow Peat Institute. In 1958 it was transferred to Kalinin. In 1965 Peat Institute was reorganized into polytechnic. In 1994 it was renamed into Tver State Technical University.

Every year highly-qualified specialists for national economy graduate from the University. They are chemical engineers, mechanical engineers, economists, ecologists, managers, systems engineers and many others.

About 5 000 students study at Tver Technical University. The University consists of six studying buildings and several dormitories. The class-rooms and lecture-halls, laboratories and workshops are equipped with up-to-date instruments, computers, machine-tools, audio-visuals and other training appliances. There is a rich library, four reading-rooms, dining halls and a sports complex at the disposal of students. So the University has all the facilities necessary for successful studies and rest.

Education at the University is organized in two forms: full-time and extra-mural.

I am taking an extra-mural course at the Institute of Additional Professional Education of the university.

My future speciality will be connected with building and construction or civil engineering.

The term engineering is a modem one. The art of building houses, palaces, temples, roads, and other structures was known many thousand years ago. Now we call it civil engineering. As time went on the art of civil engineering was enriched with new achievements of science. It grew into a profession that required college training. Nowadays we may speak of civil engineering as of an important branch of national economy.

Construction is nowadays based on the wide introduction of advanced industrial technology. That is why we are trained to use special graphics and design computer applications for construction and building, mathematical modeling and calculations.

A large-scale construction program is carried out in our country and I think it will be possible to find a proper job after graduation.

Вариант 5

1. The expedition has covered /cover / was covered hundreds of kilometers, but they still is / are / will be far from their destination.

2. You go /goes / will go to Great Britain next year?

3.The new equipment was test / was tested / tested last Monday.

4.May / Should/ Need I go with you?

5.You may /should/can read the book till tomorrow’s exam.

6.He should / may / will be able to skate in winter.

2. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия.

1.If I buy tickets, I won’t trouble you.

2.If I bought tickets, I wouldn’t trouble you.

3.If I had bought tickets, I wouldn’t have troubled you.

4.If I were you, I would try to behave better.

5.I wish you had let me know you were coming. I would have met you.

6.He wished he would take part in the conference.

1.Scientists in many countries consider propeller engines to be much more economical.

2.Propeller engines are considered to be much more economical.

3.When you stand near a working engine you feel it vibrate.

4.The excellent properties of Damascus steel made metallurgists of the whole world look for the lost secret of the steel.

5.Brakes having become more efficient, cars achieved greater reliability.

6. Many scientists worked in the field of mechanics before Newton, the most outstanding being Galileo.

4. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на многозначность выделенных слов

1. The Reading Room of the Library of Congress houses a great collection of reference books.

2. The Houses of Parlament are situated in the centre of London 40 on the banks of the Thames.

3. The fuselage of a new cargo aircraft can house large-size equipment.

4. Since 1770 there were many brilliant inventions in the automobile industry.

5. The production of motors cars in Great Britain was stopped since there was severe speed limits.

6. The Earth is the only planet having liquid water.

7. It is usefull to remember that the industrial revolution began only at the end of the 18^th centure.

5. Прочитайте текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы (1), (3), (5) на русский язык.

FACEBOOK ADMITS SOCIAL MEDIA CAN HARM MENTAL HEALTH

(1) Facebook has released new research suggesting social media can harm mental health when used in certain ways,

(2) Research suggested that social media users who spent a lot of time only reading information - but not interacting with others - reported feeling worse afterward. Users who had interaction during the experience reported having better feelings.

(3) The report noted that some research makes a strong connection between technology use and teen depression. Problems may arise because mobile phones have redefined relationships, creating a state of people being "alone together" Some people become depressed by looking at social media profiles and posts of others and then making negative comparisons to themselves.

(4) Nevertheless, a study by Carnegie Mellon University suggested positive results for increased interaction. It found people who sent or received more messages and comments on their personal pages reported better improvements in social support, depression and loneliness.

(5) Cal Newport, a professor of computer science at Georgetown University, studied and written a lot about the harmful effects of social media. He said that most major social media companies now employ "attention engineers" to help design products that are as addictive as possible. Social media use cart break up a person's attention throughout the day. Evidence shows that over time this can permanently reduce an

individual's ability to fully concentrate, possibly limiting education and job success. Research confirms that social media use can lead to loneliness, depression and anxiety. Newport urges everyone to consider quitting social media.

(6) Overall, Facebook says it is not just social media use that can affect a person's well-being. Rather, it believes both good and bad effects can result from how the service is used.

(1)

6. Перепишите следующие вопросы и дайте письменные ответы. Переведите предложения.

1. How can social networks affect their users?

2. Are there any positive results of using social media? If yes, what?

3. What harmful effects does Mr. Newport mention?

4. What conclusion did Facebook do about social media?

7. Выпишите из текста в словарь все незнакомые слова с транскрипцией и переведите их. Будьте готовы к чтению и устному переводу всего текста с Вашим словарем.

THE TOWN OF TVER

The centre of the town was designed by the well-known Russian architects Nikitin, Kasakov, and Kvasov at the end of the | 8" century. This centre has been preserved to our days. Many beautiful buildings designed by them are examples of Russian architecture: the Imperial Travel Palace, a number of buildings in Octagonal Square, and on the bank of the Volga River (Stepan Rasin Embankment).

Many famous Russian poets and writers came to Tver many times. Some of them are A. S. Pushkin, I. A. Krylov, M. Ye. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Monuments to them were erected in our town. On the left bank of the Volga River we can also see the monument to the T'ver merchant Afanasy Nikitin who was the first to travel to and document his visit to India.

In the second part of the 19th century Tver became a large industrial town. Here appeared large textile mills and a railway carriage building plant.

Now Tver is a big industrial centre. Its population is about 500,000. There are many large enterprises of engineering, metal working, textile, chemical, polygraphical and other branches of industry.

Many new modern houses have been built in the former outskirts.

There are many educational establishments in our town. Among them are State University, Technical University, Medical University, Military University, and Agricultural Academy.

The country around Tver is very picturesque. The town grows and becomes more beautifill from year to year.

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